自体吞噬———Ⅱ型程序性死亡

自噬 (autophagy) 是广泛存在于真核细胞内的一种溶酶体依赖性的降解途径，在饥饿的条件下，它可以调节细胞内长寿命蛋白和细胞器的降解，降解产物再被细胞重新利用 . 因此自噬在细胞发育、细胞免疫、组织重塑及对环境适应等方面有着十分重要的作用 . 近来发现，自噬还参与降解病原微生物、抵御感染的过程，称之为异噬 . 对自噬的分子机制和调节以及其在生理病理过程中的作用进行相应讨论 .

Autophagy: Type H Programmed Cell Death

Autophagy (eating oneself) is the lysosomal degradation of cytosolic components, usually the long-lived proteins and organelles, and recycle the digested food for cellular metabolism during starvation. Hence, autophagy is functionally involved in cell development, immunity, tissue remodeling and cell adaptation to the adversary circumstances. Recently it suggests that autophagic machinery plays a critical role in protecting eukaryotes from infection of microbial infections, the process called xenophagy. The genetic basis of the intracellular digestioin was highlighted, and physiological and pathophysiological regulation of autophagy is discussed.