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Abundance of Zetaproteobacteria within crustal fluids in back‐arc hydrothermal fields of the Southern Mariana Trough
Authors:Shingo Kato  Katsunori Yanagawa  Michinari Sunamura  Yoshinori Takano  Jun‐ichiro Ishibashi  Takeshi Kakegawa  Motoo Utsumi  Toshiro Yamanaka  Tomohiro Toki  Takuroh Noguchi  Kensei Kobayashi  Arimichi Moroi  Hiroyuki Kimura  Yutaka Kawarabayasi  Katsumi Marumo  Tetsuro Urabe  Akihiko Yamagishi
Affiliation:1. Department of Molecular Biology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192‐0392, Japan.;2. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐0033, Japan.;3. Institute for Research on Earth Evolution (IFREE), Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2–15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237‐0061, Japan.;4. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 6‐101 Hakozaki, Higashi‐ku, Fukuoka‐shi, Fukuoka 812‐8581, Japan.;5. Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki‐aza‐aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980‐8578, Japan.;6. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1‐1‐1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐8572, Japan.;7. Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1‐1, Naka 3‐chome, Tsushima, Okayama 700‐8530, Japan.;8. Marine Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Oceanography, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1‐15‐1, Minamidai, Nakano‐ku, Tokyo 164‐8639, Japan.;9. Present address, Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903–0213, Japan.;10. Graduate school of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyu, Senbara 1, Nishihara‐cho, Okinawa, 903‐0213, Japan.;11. Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79–5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya‐ku, Yokohama 240‐8501, Japan.;12. Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga‐ku, Shizuoka 422‐8529, Japan.;13. Research Institute of Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nakoji 3‐11‐46, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661‐0974, Japan.;14. Institute for Geology and Geoinformation (Geological Survey of Japan), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 7, Higashi 1‐1‐1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐8567, Japan.
Abstract:To extend knowledge of subseafloor microbial communities within the oceanic crust, the abundance, diversity and composition of microbial communities in crustal fluids at back‐arc hydrothermal fields of the Southern Mariana Trough (SMT) were investigated using culture‐independent molecular techniques based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Seafloor drilling was carried out at two hydrothermal fields, on‐ and off‐ridge of the back‐arc spreading centre of the SMT. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries for bacterial and archaeal communities were constructed from the fluid samples collected from the boreholes. Phylotypes related to Thiomicrospira in the Gammaproteobacteria (putative sulfide‐oxidizers) and Mariprofundus in the Zetaproteobacteria (putative iron‐oxidizers) were recovered from the fluid samples. A number of unique archaeal phylotypes were also recovered. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated the presence of active bacterial and archaeal populations in the fluids. The Zetaproteobacteria accounted for up to 32% of the total prokaryotic cell number as shown by FISH analysis using a specific probe designed in this study. Our results lead to the hypothesis that the Zetaproteobacteria play a role in iron oxidation within the oceanic crust.
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