蝮蛇毒致小鼠肾损伤模型的建立

目的探索一种建立蝮蛇毒致肾损伤动物模型的方法。方法将清洁级12周龄雄性昆明小鼠72只，随机分为9组，每组8只，A、B、C组为不同时间的对照组（A-3h，B-3d，C-5d）；D、E、F组为蝮蛇毒1mg／kg肌注组（D-3h，E-3d，F-5d）；G、H、I组为蝮蛇毒2mg／kg肌注组（G-3h,H-3d,I-5d）。按照分组要求计算每组小鼠中每只小鼠需肌注的蝮蛇毒的总量．配制2种不同浓度的蝮蛇毒液．D、E、F、G、H、I组小鼠分别肌注不同浓度的蝮蛇毒液0．15ml，A、B、C组小鼠右臀部注射生理盐水0．15ml以进行对照。结果肌注蝮蛇毒后的小鼠均出现中毒症状，但各组小鼠均无死亡。E、F、H、I组小鼠的肾功能与正常对照组比较有明显差异（P〈0．05）。D、E、F、G、H、I组小鼠均有如下病理学改变：肾被膜下出血．肾皮质充血．肾小球充血。肾小囊扩大．肾小管周围毛细血管充血．肾小管肿胀。小管细胞变性等。结论肌注蝮蛇毒是一种建立蛇毒致小鼠肾损伤动物模型的较好方法。

Establishment of a model of renal injury in mice induced by the venom of Agkistrodon halys

Objective To find out a method of setting up a model of renal injury in mice induced by the venom of Agkistrodon halys. Methods 72 SPF 12-week-old male Kunming mice were randomly divided into nine groups （n = 8, each group）, groups A, B, C-normal control groups in different time（A-three hours, B-three days, C-five days） ; groups D, E, F-with intramuscular injection of Agkistrodon halys venom in a dose of 1 mg/kg in different time（D-three hours, E-three days, F-five days） ; group G, H, I-with 2 mg/kg Agkistrodon halys venom in dif- ferent time（G-three hours, H-three days, I-five days）. The Agkistrodon halys venom was prepared into a volume of 0. 15 ml as the same as control groups. The venom of different dose was intramuscular injected into the right hip of mice in groups D,E, F,G, H, I and 0. 15 ml saline was intramuscular injected into the same site of mice in groups A,B and C. Results All mice showed toxic symptom after Agkistrodon halys venom intramuscular injection. Mortality of mice in all groups is 0%. The renal function of groups E,F,H and I showed significant difference in comparison with that of control groups（P〈0.05）. In all toxin treated mice,intense cortical congestion, subcapsular hemorrhage, glomerullar capillary congestion with dilated Bowman＇ s space, peritubular capillary congestion, tubular dilatation and turbid degeneration of tubular cells are the common pathological manifestations in nephridial tissue. Conclusion Intramuscular injection in hip with Agkistrodon halys venom is a good method to establish an animal model of renal injury in mice induced by snake venom.