Animal xenodiversity in Italian inland waters: distribution, modes of arrival, and pathways |
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Authors: | Francesca Gherardi Sandro Bertolino Marco Bodon Sandra Casellato Simone Cianfanelli Marco Ferraguti Elisabetta Lori Graziella Mura Annamaria Nocita Nicoletta Riccardi Giampaolo Rossetti Emilia Rota Riccardo Scalera Sergio Zerunian Elena Tricarico |
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Institution: | (1) Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica, Università di Firenze, Via Romana 17, Firenze, 50125, Italy;(2) Dipartimento di Valorizzazione e Protezione delle Risorse Agroforestali, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy;(3) Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy;(4) Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy;(5) Museo di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy;(6) Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy;(7) Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo, Università di Roma 1, Roma, Italy;(8) Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR, Verbania, Pallanza, Italy;(9) Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy;(10) Via Torcegno, 49, Roma, Italy;(11) Laboratorio di Ittiologia delle Acque Dolci, Maenza, Italy |
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Abstract: | The paper provides a list of the non-indigenous animal species occurring today in Italian inland waters. Xenodiversity was
found to amount to 112 species (64 invertebrates and 48 vertebrates), which contribute for about 2% to the inland-water fauna
in Italy. Northern and central regions are most affected, and Asia, North America, and the rest of Europe are the main donor
continents. The large majority of non-indigenous species entered Italy as a direct or indirect effect of human intervention.
A difference between invertebrates and vertebrates was found for their mode of arrival (unintentional for invertebrates and
intentional for vertebrates). Accidental transport, in association with both fish (for aquaculture or stock enhancement) and
crops, has been the main vector of invertebrate introductions, whereas vertebrates were mostly released for stocking purposes.
Overall stock enhancement (47.92%) and culture (37.5%) prevailed over the other pathways. Seventeen and 7 species of our list
are included among the 100 worst invasive species of Europe (DAISIE) and of the world (IUCN), respectively. For some (but
not all) non-indigenous species recorded in Italy the multilevel impact exerted on the recipient communities and ecosystems
is known, even if rarely quantified, but knowledge on their chronic impact is still missing. Additional research is needed
to provide criteria for prioritizing intervention against well established invaders and identify which new potential invader
should be targeted as “unwanted”. |
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Keywords: | Inland waters Italy Mode of introduction Non-indigenous species Pathway Vector Xenodiversity |
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