Enhancement of supercooling capacity and survival by cold acclimation, rapid cold and heat hardening in Spodoptera exigua |
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Authors: | Zheng Xialin Cheng Wenjie Wang Xiaoping Lei Chaoliang |
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Institution: | Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China |
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Abstract: | Insects can increase their resistance to cold stress by prior exposure to non-lethal cold temperatures. Here, we investigated the supercooling capacity and survival of eggs, 3rd and 5th instar larvae, and pupae of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) during CA, and responses to various pre-treatment protocols, including constant temperatures, thermoperiods, and RCH, RHH, RCH + RHH and RHH + RCH combined with thermoperiods. Only acclimated eggs demonstrated a significant decrease in SCP, from −20.7 ± 0.3 to −22.9 ± 0.3 °C, among all experimental groups compared to non-acclimated stages. Survival increased by 17.5% for eggs, 40.0% and 13.3% for 3rd and 5th instar larvae, and by 20.0% for pupae after CA. Compared to controls, survival of eggs under the conditions of thermoperiod (5:15 °C), thermoperiod (5:15 °C) + RHH, and thermoperiod (5:15, 10:20, and 15:25 °C) + RCH significantly increased. In addition, survival of 3rd and 5th instar larvae and pupae increased under the conditions of thermoperiod (5:15 °C) and thermoperiod (5:15 °C) + RCH, possibly due to the induction of heat shock proteins or cryoprotectants. However, the pre-treatments of thermoperiod + RCH + RHH and thermoperiod + RHH + RCH did not significantly enhance survival of any developmental stage. These adaptive responses may allow S. exigua to enhance supercooling capacity and survival in response to seasonal or unexpected diurnal decreases in environmental temperatures. |
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Keywords: | Abbreviations: RCH rapid cold hardening RHH rapid heat hardening RCH + RHH rapid cold hardening followed by rapid heat hardening RHH + RCH rapid heat hardening followed by rapid cold hardening SCP supercooling point CA cold acclimation DCA discontinued cold acclimation |
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