不同管理措施对毛竹林节肢动物群落结构和组成的影响

通过对不同管理措施下毛竹林Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens节肢动物群落的系统调查，研究了垦复施肥、垦复、劈草、化学除草和撂荒5种典型管理措施对群落结构和组成的影响。结果表明，与撂荒林相比，其他各管理措施均降低了群落竹冠层和林下层类群的丰富度，在林下层主要表现为蜘蛛目、膜翅目、半翅目和鞘翅目物种的减少，在竹冠层主要表现为膜翅目和鞘翅目物种的减少，这些减少的物种主要是偶见种（相对丰盛度小于0.01）。垦复施肥、垦复和劈草增加了林下层中性功能群和减少了捕食性功能群的个体数量，垦复施肥、垦复、劈草和化学除草增加了竹冠层捕食性功能群和减少了植食性功能群的个体数量。总体上各种管理措施均降低了林下层和提高了竹冠层类群的多样性和均匀度，但化学除草对林下层的影响较小，垦复对竹冠层的影响较小。长期撂荒和垦复林毛竹叶部害螨的优势度较高，长期撂荒、劈草和化学除草林蠕须盾蚧Kuwanaspis vermiformis的优势度较高，长期垦复施肥、垦复和劈草林刚竹毒蛾Pantana phyllostachysae的优势度较高，说明长期的单一管理措施可能导致特定种类害虫的暴发。因此提出在毛竹林的管理中，应避免长期采用单一方式，注重不同年份多种管理措施的轮换。

Effects of different management measures on the composition and structure of arthropod community in Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens forest

Through regular and systematic surveys in five selected sampling plots of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens forests managed with five different and typical measures respectively, including cultivation and fertilization, cultivation, weeding, spraying herbicide and non-management in Sanming of Fujian Province, China from 2001 to 2002, the effects of these measures on the composition and structure of arthropod community were studied. The results showed that in contrast with the non-management forest, the richness of the community decreased for the disturbances of the other four management measures. The missing species in the lower layer mainly belonged to Araneida, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera, and those in the canopy mainly belonged to Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. Most of the missing species in the community were rare species (P-i<0.01). In the lower layer, due to the disturbances of cultivation and fertilization, cultivation and weeding, the individual number of the neutrals increased, but that of the predators decreased. In the canopy, the individual number of the predators increased, but that of the herbivores decreased due to the disturbances of cultivation and fertilization, cultivation, weeding and spraying herbicide. In general, the species diversity and evenness all decreased in the lower layer, but increased in the canopy due to the management disturbances. Among the four measures, spraying herbicide disturbed most slightly in the lower layer, and cultivation most slightly in the canopy. Moreover, long-term non-management and cultivation could benefit higher dominant degree of phytophagous mites, and long-term non-management, weeding and spraying herbicide could benefit higher dominant degree of Kuwanaspis vermiformis, and long-term cultivation and fertilization, cultivation and weeding could benefit higher dominant degree of Pantana phyllostachysae. This indicated that long-term management with single type of measures would result in outbreak of certain pests. It was so concluded that in the management of P. heterocycla cv. pubescens forest, it was necessary and important to manage with manifold measures alternately in different years.