拟南芥COPT家族蛋白研究进展

铜(Cu)是植物必需的微量元素, 作为多种酶的辅因子参与许多植物生理生化反应。Cu缺乏和过量均影响植物正常生长发育, 因此植物进化出精妙复杂的调控网络来严格控制植物体内的Cu含量。植物Cu转运蛋白COPT家族成员与Cu有很高的亲和力, 能够调节植物对Cu的吸收和转运, 在维持植物体内Cu稳态平衡过程中发挥重要作用。COPT蛋白涉及不同的Cu转运功能, 如从外界环境中摄取Cu、从细胞器中输出Cu、长距离运输Cu以及在不同器官间动用和再分配Cu。此外, COPT蛋白在其它离子的稳态平衡维持、昼夜节律性生物钟调控、植物激素合成和植物对激素信号的感受过程中也发挥重要作用。该文综述了模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana) COPT家族各成员的表达和定位、调控机制以及生物学功能等方面的最新进展。

Advances in Studies on the COPT Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element in plants and is involved in many physiological and biochemical reactions as a cofactor of various enzymes. Cu deficiency and excess can affect the normal growth and development, so plants have developed sophisticated regulatory networks to strictly control Cu content. The copper transporter COPT, having high affinity with Cu can regulate the absorption and transport of Cu, and plays an important role in maintaining Cu homeostasis. COPT proteins are involved in different processes of Cu transport, such as uptake of Cu from the external environment, export of Cu from organelles, transport of Cu over long distances, and mobilization and redistribution of Cu between different organs. In addition, COPT proteins play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of other ions, regulating the circadian clock, involving in synthesis of plant hormones and perception of hormone signals. Here we summarize the recent advances in the expression and localization, regulatory mechanisms, and biological functions of COPT proteins in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.