Individual variation in thermal performance curves: swimming burst speed and jumping endurance in wild-caught tropical clawed frogs

The importance of studying individual variation in locomotor performance has long been recognized as it may determine the ability of an organism to escape from predators, catch prey or disperse. In ectotherms, locomotor performance is highly influenced by ambient temperature (T _a), yet several studies have showed that individual differences are usually retained across a T _a gradient. Less is known, however, about individual differences in thermal sensitivity of performance, despite the fact that it could represent adaptive sources of phenotypic variation and/or additional substrate for selection to act upon. We quantified swimming and jumping performance in 18 wild-caught tropical clawed frogs (Xenopus tropicalis) across a T _a gradient. Maximum swimming velocity and acceleration were not repeatable and individuals did not differ in how their swimming performance varied across T _a. By contrast, time and distance jumped until exhaustion were repeatable across the T _a gradient, indicating that individuals that perform best at a given T _a also perform best at another T _a. Moreover, thermal sensitivity of jumping endurance significantly differed among individuals, with individuals of high performance at low T _a displaying the highest sensitivity to T _a. Individual differences in terrestrial performance increased with decreasing T _a, which is opposite to results obtained in lizards at the inter-specific and among-individual levels. To verify the generality of these patterns, we need more studies on individual variation in thermal reaction norms for locomotor performance in lizards and frogs.