转基因抗草甘膦棉栽培地生存竞争能力

【目的】针对我国研发的具有自主知识产权的转EPSPS基因抗除草剂棉花,研究其环境适应和生存竞争能力,以评价其环境安全性,为其生产应用提供依据。【方法】试验在河南安阳中国农业科学院棉花研究所试验农场中进行。以转基因(EPSPS)抗草甘膦棉为试验品种,受体材料和中棉所49为对照品种,在正常管理模式下,对棉花的营养生长、生殖生长、产量因子及纤维品质等指标进行比较。【结果】转基因抗草甘膦棉花在苗期、现蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期的株高均低于受体材料,但差异不显著;花铃期,转基因抗草甘膦棉花每株花蕾数比受体材料少3.58个,差异达到显著水平;但在吐絮期其单株铃数比受体材料多1.1个,且其产量比受体材料高91.4 kg·hm~(-2);转基因抗草甘膦棉花的纤维品质也有一定程度的改善。同时,转基因抗草甘膦棉花上述各项生长指标、产量及纤维品质等均与对照品种中棉所49相当。【结论】转基因抗草甘膦棉花在栽培地环境下可正常生长,未对农业生产造成明显的负面影响和风险。

Agronomic characteristics of a Chinese-developed transgenic glyphosate-resistant cotton in cultivated land

Aim] In order to evaluate the environmental safety of transgenic EPSPS glyphosate-resistant cotton (GRC), developed by China, the adaptability and competitiveness were studied.Method] The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of the Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang City, Henan Province, China. GRC cultivars were used as test materials along with its recipient material and cv. CRI49 as the control. Vegetative and reproductive growth, yield contributing traits and fiber quality were evaluated and compared under the normal recommended management model.Result] Compared with the recipient material, GRC showed certain negative effects on the plant height across growth stages, although the differences were not statistically significant. The number of flower buds per plant of GRC was 3.58 fewer than that of the recipient cv. with significant differences at blooming and boll forming stage. The mean boll number was 1.1 more at boll opening stage and the yield was 91.4 kg·ha^-1 in GRC than the recipient material, and fiber quality also improved. The growth factors, yield and fiber quality of GRC were similar to those of cv. CRI49.Conclusion] The field performance of the transgenic glyphosate-resistant cotton was not inferior to existing non-GM culvtivars.