Deep-sea Rhodococcus sp. BS-15, Lacking the Phytopathogenic fas Genes,Produces a Novel Glucotriose Lipid Biosurfactant |
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Authors: | Masaaki Konishi Shinro Nishi Tokuma Fukuoka Dai Kitamoto Tomo-o Watsuji Yuriko Nagano Akinori Yabuki Satoshi Nakagawa Yuji Hatada Jun-ichi Horiuchi |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan 2. Department of Biogeoscience (Biogeos), Japan Agency of Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan 3. Research Institute for Innovation of Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial of Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan 4. Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
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Abstract: | Glycolipid biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from deep-sea sediment collected from the Okinawa Trough. Isolate BS15 produced the largest amount of the glycolipid, generating up to 6.31?±?1.15 g l?1 after 4 days at 20 °C. Glucose was identified in the hydrolysate of the purified major component of the biosurfactant glycolipid. According to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, the hydrophobic moieties in the major component were hexadecanoate, octadecanoate, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoate, 2-hydroxyoctanoate, and succinate. The molecular weight of the purified major glycolipid was calculated to be 1,211, while 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra confirmed that the major component consisted of 2 mol of α-glucoside and 1 mol of β-glucoside. The molecular structure was assigned as novel trisaccharide-type glycolipid biosurfactant, glucotriose lipids. The critical micelle concentration of the purified major glycolipid was 2.3?×?10?6 M, with a surface tension of 29.5 mN m?1. Phylogenetic analysis showed isolate BS15 was closely related to a Rhodococcus strains isolated from Antarctica, and to Rhodococcus fascians, a phytopathogen. PCR analysis showed that the fasA, fasB, fasC, fasD, fasE, and fasF genes, which are involved in phytohormone-like cytokinin production, were not present in the genome of BS15; however, analysis of a draft genome sequence of BS15 (5.5 Mb) identified regions with 31 %, 53 %, 46 %, 30 %, and 31 % DNA sequence identity to the fasA, fasB, fasC, and fasD genes, respectively. |
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