Cover Caption

A red tuepentine beetle adult (Dendroctonus valens LeConte) on a Chinese pine bolt. Dendroctonus‐fungus symbioses are often considered as the ideal model systems to study the development and maintenance of ectosymbioses. The body surface of both adults and larvae carry their associated fungi. In this study, those fungi were isolated to study the direct effect of associated fungi on the immunocompetence of the beetle to explain the documented antagonism based on the principles of ecological immunology (see pages 579‐584). Photo by Runzhi Zhang.