Biology ofAnastatus biproruli (Hym.: Eupelmidae) a parasitoid ofBiprorulus bibax (Hem.: Pentatomidae)

The effect of temperature on the rate of development ofAnastatus biproruli (Girault) was determined by rearing individuals on eggs ofBiprorulus bibax Breddin under a range of constant temperatures (17.5–40.0°C). Rate of development changed in a linear fashion from 17.5–35.0°C and the lower developmental threshold was estimated to be 12.8°C. An estimated 331.8 degree days were required for development. Survival of developing parasitoids was optimal (72–90%) between 25–35°C. Longevity of virgin adults ranged from 12–26 days at 22.5–35°C but was only 3.6 days at 37.5°C. Mated females produced a mean of 54.6 progeny during an average lifespan of 36.4 days at 30°C. Progeny were produced only during the first 21 days of adulthood but post-reproductive females still attacked and killed hosts. FemaleA. biproruli overwintered successfully, and were able to parasitise host eggs if direct sunlight was available.A. biproruli also overwintered as immature stages in host eggs. The biology ofA. biproruli is discussed with regard to its importance as a natural enemy ofB. bibax.