Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Glial Cells |
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Authors: | Simona D’Antoni Antonio Berretta Carmela Maria Bonaccorso Valeria Bruno Eleonora Aronica Ferdinando Nicoletti Maria Vincenza Catania |
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Institution: | Simona D’Antoni, Antonio Berretta, Carmela Maria Bonaccorso, Valeria Bruno, Eleonora Aronica, Ferdinando Nicoletti and Maria Vincenza Catania |
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Abstract: | Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its actions via
a number of ionotropic glutamate receptors/channels and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. In addition to being expressed
in neurons, glutamate receptors are expressed in different types of glial cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and
microglia. Astrocytes are now recognized as dynamic signaling elements actively integrating neuronal inputs. Synaptic activity
can evoke calcium signals in astrocytes, resulting in the release of gliotransmitters, such as glutamate, ATP, and d-serine, which in turn modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. In addition, astrocytes, and microglia may
play an important role in pathology such as brain trauma and neurodegeneration, limiting or amplifying the pathologic process
leading to neuronal death. The present review will focus on recent advances on the role of mGlu receptors expressed in glial
cells under physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Special issue article in honor of Dr. Anna Maria Giuffrida-Stella. |
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Keywords: | Astrocytes Gliosis Metabotropic glutamate receptors Gliotransmitter Neurodegeneration Glioma |
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