在线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因序列水平上对鬣羚系统发育的研究

测定了鬣羚在中国的7个地方种群的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的419bp的片段序列，并分析了其序列差异，构建了分子系统进化树。结果表明：鬣羚各种群间的序列差异在0－14．31％，鬣羚种群最早在大约5．7百万年有共同的母系祖先，并且在中国最早可能是从青藏高原东南缘的区域开始演化的。随后向周围地区辐射扩散，日本鬣羚的分化时间大约在3．1百万年前，并且可能是从中国大陆迁移过去的。白玉和道孚的鬣羚种群（与其它种群的碱基替换率＞11．21％），日本鬣养分种群（与其它种群的碱基替换率＞7．63％），洛扎的鬣羚种群（与其它种群的碱基替换率＞4．05％）的分化估计已接近或达到亚种水平。鬣羚在中国至少存在3个进化显单元：A．白玉和道孚种群；B．洛扎种群；C．隆子，陕西，皖南和德格种群，建议将它们分开管理，避免杂交，以保存遗传分歧较大的类群及其进化潜力。

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF SEROW BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME b GENE SEQUENCE

A 419 bp fragment of the mitochondria cytochrome b gene was amplified and sequenced from serow's dried skin samples of seven local populations in China The molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed including Japanese serow Their sequence divergences were 0%-14 31% It issuggested that serow could have a maternal ancestor about 4 7 million years ago Serow evoluted originally from the southeastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau,and then spreaded to surrounding area Japanese serow may be the divergent consequence that Chinese serow population dispersed to the northeastern part from the southeastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau The divergence time of Luoza population was dated back 1 6 million years After that time,a rapid radiation of serow might happened,and serow dispersed to the wide range of Longzi(Tibet),Shanxi,Southern Anhui and Sichuan etc The phylogenetic differentiation of Baiyu/Daofu,Japanese and Luoza populations may approach or reach subspecie level At least 3 ESUs were existed within the populations studied in China,and they should be managed separately so far,to maintain these distinct genetic units and their evoluting potential