北京的公园鸟类群落结构研究

不同类型公园的鸟类群落组成有很大差异，这主要和公园的面积、植被发育程度、位于城郊区还是城区、水域环境等自然条件，以及气候的季节性变化有关。面积大、植被发育好的公园，其群落多样性优于面积小、植被发育差的公园，公园内有无水域对鸟类群落的左右不明显，气候的季节性变化主要对鸟类群落物种数有明显的影响。通过对典型公园鸟类群落的多样性、均匀性及相关性进行比较，提出有关城市园林绿地招引鸟类的生态学对策。

STUDIES OF BIRD COMMUNITY OF PARKS IN BEIJING

The bird community in 6 typical parks in Beijing were surveyed during 1984-1986.The study included counting the numbers of speds and dominant species, calculating the indices of species diversity and equitability. Analysis of variance indicated that significant ecological factors affect the bird communities were vegetation structures, green land area in tile park, and seasons.Large parks with good vegetation structure had higher species diversities than small parks with poor vegetation structure. Water body area did not affect the bird community in the parks. The authors suggested some ecological strategies for attracting and protecting birds in parks.