燃料油的微生物脱氮

燃料油中含有一些有机氮化物,其含量虽不如硫化物多,但足以影响油品的颜色和抗氧化安定性,也能在催化裂化等原油精制过程中造成催化剂中毒,缩短催化剂的使用寿命。同时,有机氮化物具致癌、致突变性,在燃料油燃烧过程中转变为氮氧化物,形成酸雨污染环境。传统的加氢脱氮操作复杂,成本高,因此人们日益重视微生物脱氮。综述微生物脱除燃料油中芳香氮化合物的机理、调控及咔唑降解基因的分子遗传学研究进展,并对未来的研究方向提出了作者的见解。

Microbial denitrogenation of fuel oil

The amount of organic nitrides contained in fuel oil is smaller than the one of organic sulfur compounds, but the existence of them is enough to affect the invariability of oil product greatly , and has a big effect on the color of oil. They also contribute to catalyst poisoning during the refining of crude oil, thus reducing the catalyzing rate of the catalyst and increasing process costs. Further more, some nitrogen organic compounds possess mutagenic and toxic activities. The combustion of these contaminants form nitrogen oxides (NOx), releasing of which to the air will cause the formation of acid rain and hence to air pollution. The classical hydroprocessing methods of nitrogen removal are costly and complicated, so the scientists are more and more interested in microbial denitrogenation. The aspects as follows are introduced, including the aromatic nitrogen compounds of fuel oil, the varieties of denitrogenation techincs, the classes of microbial denitrogenation and its biochemical pathways, molecular genetics developments of carbazole-degradative genes, and our opinion of the research direction in the future.