茶叶锌、硒含量变化与种植土壤差异的研究

以贵州4个茶叶产地(贵定、都匀、凤冈、湄潭)生产的新鲜茶叶(贵定云雾茶、都匀毛尖、凤冈锌硒茶、湄潭翠芽)及种植土壤为材料,研究了不同茶树叶片及种植土壤的锌、硒含量,研究不同土壤类型及不同深度土壤锌、硒含量的差异;茶树当年生新叶(一芽二叶)和生长1年以上老叶的锌、硒含量变化;土壤锌、硒含量与新老叶片锌、硒含量之间的关系。结果显示,随着茶园土壤深度(0~20 cm,20~40 cm)的增加,锌含量增加了2.0%~18.0%,而土壤硒含量则没有明显变化;不同样地土壤和同一样地土壤不同深度的锌、硒含量差异均达显著水平(Sig.0.01),但差异未见明显规律;茶树新叶锌、硒含量比老叶分别高2.3~4.0倍和1.2~3.0倍;新叶的锌、硒含量与土壤锌、硒含量呈正相关关系,且新叶中的锌、硒含量之间也呈正相关关系。表明土壤中的锌、硒含量来源于成土母岩并直接影响茶叶的品质,因此合理选择土壤类型对种植优质茶和规划发展茶产业具有重要意义。

Study on the Content Changes of Zinc and Selenium in Tea and Differences in the Planting Soil

Selecting tea and soil from four tea gardens, Guiding, Duyun, Fenggang and Meitan, as test materials, we tested the content of zinc and selenium in different tea leaves and planting soils. We also studied the differences in zinc and selenium content in different soil types and depths, the differences in zinc and selenium content in new tea leaves (one bud two leaves) and leaves older than one year, and also the relationship between content in soil and leaves. With the increase in soil depth from 0-20 cm to 20-40 cm, the content of zinc increased from 2.0% to 18.0%, respectively, but the content of selenium did not change significantly. The content of zinc and selenium showed significant differences in different soils and soil depths in the same plots (Sig.< 0.01), but the differences exhibited no obvious regular change. The content of zinc and selenium in new tea leaves were 2.3 to 4.0 times and 1.2 to 3.0 times higher, respectively, than that in old leaves (greater than one year old). The content of zinc and selenium in new tea leaves had a positive correlation with the content in soil, and there was a positive correlation between zinc and selenium content in new leaves. Results showed that zinc and selenium came from pedogenic rock, and directly affected tea quality. Thus, the selection of a reasonable soil type is important in regards to high-quality tea and tea garden construction.