Improved production of various polyunsaturated fatty acids through filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina breeding |
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Authors: | Eiji Sakuradani Akinori Ando Jun Ogawa Sakayu Shimizu |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;(2) Research Division of Microbial Sciences, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan |
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Abstract: | Studies on the application of functional lipids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have proceeded in various fields
regarding health and dietary requirements in a search for novel and rich sources. Filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 produces triacylglycerols rich in arachidonic acid, ones reaching 20 g/L and containing 30–70% arachidonic acid as to
the total fatty acids. Mutants derived from M. alpina 1S-4, defective in Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases, accumulate triacylglycerols rich in unique PUFAs, i.e., dihomo-γ-linolenic acid
and Mead acid, respectively. Furthermore, various mutants derived from M. alpina 1S-4 have led to the production of oils containing n−1, n−3, n−4, n−6, n−7, and n−9 PUFAs. A variety of genes encoding fatty acid desaturases and elongases involved in PUFA biosynthesis in M. alpina 1S-4 has been isolated and characterized. Molecular breeding of M. alpina strains by means of manipulation of these genes facilitates improvement of PUFA productivity and elucidation of the functions
of enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis. |
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Keywords: | Mortierella alpina Polyunsaturated fatty acid Arachidonic acid Molecular breeding Fatty acid desaturase |
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