应用矿物盐改良池塘水质的研究

为了研究矿物盐对淡水养殖池塘水质的改良效果及应用前景,在12口土质池塘中对淡水养殖斑点叉尾鲴(Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque,1818)施用三组矿物盐:NaNO3、KCl+MgCl2、NaNO3+KCl+MgCl3的对照实验,对照组池塘不施用任何矿物盐类;在182d的养殖期间,对所有处理组和对照组池塘的17项水质和5项底质因子进行了定期监测.结果表明,各处理组均显著降低了池塘水中的蓝藻相对密度;KCl+MgCl2的施用可促进水中硝化作用的进行;NaNO3+KCl+MgCl2的施用,显著提高了养殖池塘底泥表层的氧化还原电位;NaNO3+KCl+MgCl2组的池塘鱼产量比对照组显著提高6.6%,而饲料系数显著降低6.2%;NaNO3与KCl+MgCl2的共同施用起到了协同改良池塘水质和底质的作用.因此,NaNO3+KCl+MgCl2的应用可为淡水池塘水质的改良开辟一个新的途径,具有一定的应用前景.

A study on mineral supplementation improving water quality in aquaculture ponds

Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) has been the main aquaculture species in America, and one of the major freshwater aquaculture economical species in China mainland. To study the effect of NaNO3 as a soil oxidant and possible decline against blue-green algae and potential extension prospect of mineral supplementation on water quality improvement in freshwater aquaculture ponds, the experiment including three treatments, NaNO3, KCl+MgCl2 and NaNO3+KCl+MgCl2, as mineral supplementation and NaNO3 as a soil oxidant, and the control with not any mineral supplementation or fertilizers, was designed and applied to 12 freshwater earthen ponds stocked with catfish at the density of one individual per cubic meter water in Auburn University, Alabama, U.S.A. During the culture period of 182 days, the application dosage of NaNO3, KCl, or MgCl2 was 2g, 100g, and 20g per cubic meter water per time, and the application times of NaNO3, or KCl+MgCl2 was 21 and 2 times in total, respectively, moreover, the application times of NaNO3+KCl+MgCl2 included 21 times for NaNO3 application and 2 times for KCl+MgCl2 application in total. 17 water quality parameters, including total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, reactive phosphorous, turbidity, DO, pH, alkalinity, chloride, chlorophyll a, BOD5, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, total algae density and blue-green algae relative density, and 5 bottom soil parameters, including redox potential, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, soil respiration rate and organic carbon, in the treatments and control ponds were monitored at interval. The results showed that all the treatments caused the blue-green algae relative density of ponds to decline significantly (P<0.05), which would decline the possibility of catfish being off-flavor; The treatment of KCl+MgCl2 promoted nitrification positively in ponds water-body, which would promote total ammonia nitrogen, whose high concentration would be harmful to aquaculture species growth. Transferring to nitrite nitrogen and then continuing to be nitrate nitrogen, which would be not harmful to aquaculture species growth. The treatment of NaNO3+KCl+MgCl2 increased bottom soil redox potential significantly (P<0.05), which would reduce some harmful deoxidized composites diffusing from soil surface to water; Only the treatment of NaNO3+KCl+MgCl2 increased catfish production at 6.6% and declined feed conversion ratio at 6.2% significantly (P<0.05); NaNO3 cooperated with KCl+MgCl2 took effect of improving water and bottom soil quality in aquaculture ponds, where the blue-green algae relative density of ponds being declined and ponds bottom soil redox potential being increased, in result, which blocked and reduced some harmful deoxidized composites diffusing from soil surface to water, and reduced fish reaction against the bad water quality, which saved energy consumption for fish, decreased feed conversion ratio and increased growth rate. Therefore, NaNO3+KCl+MgCl2 treatment would develop a new path to improve water and bottom soil quality in aquaculture freshwater ponds, and have a great extension prospect. Moreover, if NaNO3+KCl+MgCl2 treatment apply to other higher value species aquaculture ponds, for instance, shrimp or eel, those species aquaculture effect should be better than that of catfish, because NaNO3+KCl+MgCl2 treatment would have similar effect on the improvement of water and bottom soil quality in the ponds as in catfish ponds, furthermore, the value of production increased and the cost of feed saved would be more than the cost of all mineral supplementation to the ponds.