Effect of irradiation on cytokine secretion and nitric oxide production by inflammatory macrophages |
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| Authors: | Sangwook Lim Eun-Ji Ko Yun-Jeong Kang Kyung-Wan Baek Mee Sun Ock Kyoung Seob Song Hye-Joo Kang Young-Sam Keum Jin Won Hyun Taek Kyu Kwon Seon Young Nam Hee-Jae Cha Yung Hyun Choi |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Radiation Oncology,Kosin University College of Medicine,Busan,Republic of Korea;2.Departments of Parasitology and Genetics,Kosin University College of Medicine,Busan,Republic of Korea;3.Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences,Pusan National University,Busan,South Korea;4.Departments of Physiology,Kosin University College of Medicine,Busan,South Korea;5.Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine,Dongeui University,Busan,Republic of Korea;6.Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy,Dongguk University,Goyang,South Korea;7.Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine,Jeju National University,Jeju,South Korea;8.Department of Immunology, School of Medicine,Keimyung University,Daegu,South Korea;9.Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, Radiation Health Institute,Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.,Seoul,Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | This study explored the effects of low-dose and high-dose irradiation on inflammatory macrophage cells, specifically inflammatory cytokine secretion and nitric oxide (NO) production after irradiation. To elucidate the effect of irradiation on active and inactive macrophages, we exposed LPS-treated or untreated murine monocyte/macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines to low-dose to high-dose radiation (0.01–10 Gy). We analyzed the effects of irradiation on RAW 264.7 cell proliferation by MTT assays and analyzed cytokine secretion and NO production related to inflammation by ELISA assays. Low-to-high doses of radiation did not significantly affect the proliferation of LPS-treated or untreated RAW 264.7 cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ß was generally increased in RAW 264.7 cells at 3 days after radiation. Especially, IL-1ß was significantly increased in only high dose-irradiation (2 and 10 Gy irradiation) groups in LPS-untreated RAW 264.7 cells but increased in both low and high dose-irradiation groups (0.01–10 Gy) in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells at 3 days after irradiation. Whereas, the expression of IL-1ß was prolonged in high-dose irradiation group at 5 days after irradiation. The production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 did not change significantly at 3 days after radiation but was significantly reduced at 5 days after 10 Gy radiation. The effect of irradiation on the secretion of IL-1ß and IL-10 was not significantly different between RAW 264.7 cells treated or not treated with LPS. The effect of irradiation on NO secretion by RAW 264.7 cells showed a specific pattern. NO was produced after low-dose irradiation but reduced in a high-dose irradiation group at 3 days after irradiation. However, NO production was not changed after low-dose irradiation and reduced at 5 days after high-dose irradiation. These results showed that irradiation affected the inflammatory system and regulated NO production in both activated and inactivated macrophages through different regulation mechanisms, depending on irradiation dose. |
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