长白山哈泥泥炭地七种苔藓植物生态位

采用Levins和Pianka公式，对哈泥泥炭地7种苔藓植物的生态位进行了研究.结果表明：7种苔藓在泥炭的全氮、全磷、Ca²⁺、K⁺、沼泽水的pH和电导率、乔木郁闭度、灌木盖度以及水位埋深9个环境因子梯度上的平均生态位宽度排序为：沼泽皱缩藓＞喙叶泥炭藓＞中位泥炭藓＞尖叶泥炭藓、桧叶金发藓＞大泥炭藓＞锈色泥炭藓.锈色泥炭藓倾向于特化种，沼泽皱缩藓倾向于泛化种.在各种环境因子中，以电导率平均重叠值最高，水位埋深、乔木郁闭度、pH和灌木盖度梯度上平均重叠值最低，是影响苔藓分布的主要环境因子.多数苔藓在这4个梯度上产生生态位分异.少数苔藓种对在所有环境因子梯度重叠值均较高，是由于苔藓之间存在水分协作关系.这为苔藓植物的种间竞争提供了间接证据.

Niches of seven bryophyte species in Hani peat land of Changbai Mountains.

Based on field investigation and by using Levins and Pianka formula, the niches of seven bryophyte species in Hani Peatland of Changbai Mountains were studied. The results showed that the average niche breadth in nine environmental factors (total nitrogen, total phosphorous, K+ and Ca2+ in peat, pH，and electrical conductivity of surface water, tree coverage, shrub coverage, and depth to water table) of the seven species decreased in the order of Aulacomnium palustre＞Sphagnum fallax＞S. magellanicum＞S. capillifolium=Polytrichum juniperinum＞S. palustre＞S. fuscum. S. fuscum tended to be niche-specific species, while A. palustre tended to be niche-general species. Among the nine environmental factors, surface water electrical conductivity had the highest mean overlap value, while depth to water table, tree coverage, surface water pH, and shrub coverage had the lowest one, being the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of bryophytes. Most bryophyte species differentiated in their niches in the factors of depth to water table, tree coverage, surface water pH, and shrub coverage; while a few bryophyte species had higher overlap value in all of the test environmental factors due to their collaboration relationships in water use. This higher overlap value could offer indirect evidence of interspecific competition of bryophytes.