生态位概念及其在昆虫生态学中的应用

生态位理论已成为现代生态学的重要内容。在生态位概念百年演变史中,“空间生态位”、“功能生态位”与“多维超体积生态位”最具代表性。生态位宽度和生态位重叠是描述物种内和物种间生态位关系最重要的2个指标。本文系统总结了生态位概念的演变历史及其主要测度公式在昆虫生态学中的应用概况;并就如何利用生态位理论,开展害虫综合治理提出了几点看法;最后就生态位理论在昆虫生态学中存在的问题及应用前景进行了分析和展望。合理利用生态位理论,将为切实制定有害生物综合治理策略和探讨外来入侵物种种群形成机理等方面提供理论指导。

Niche concept and its application in insect ecology

Niche theory is one of the important contents in modern ecology. In its century's development history,the most representative concepts were spatial niche,functional niche,and n-dimensional hyper-volume niche. Niche breadth and niche overlap were the two most important indexes in describing intra-and inter-specific relations. This paper summarized the development of niche concept,and its primary metrics application situation in insect ecology. Some comments were put forward on the application of niche concept in Integrated Pest Management (IPM),and the problems and application prospects of niche theory in insect ecology were analyzed. The rational use of niche theory could provide theoretic guidance in establishing effective IPM strategy and approaching population formation mechanism of alien invasive pests.