Rearing techniques for hornets with emphasis on Vespa velutina (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): A review |
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Authors: | Joost Van Itterbeeck Ying Feng Min Zhao Chengye Wang Ken Tan Tatsuya Saga Kenichi Nonaka Chuleui Jung |
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Affiliation: | 1. Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Republic of Korea;2. Centre for Asian Area Studies, Rikkyo University, Japan;3. Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, People''s Republic of China;4. Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People''s Republic of China;5. Tajimi High School, Japan;6. College of Arts, Rikkyo University, Japan;7. Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Of the 34 vespid species recorded worldwide as invasive aliens, particular attention is currently being given to the yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina that has invaded Europe, Japan, and Korea. The hornet is a voracious predator of bees and a serious threat to bee colonies and bee pollination. Control measures are needed, but their development has been challenging as biological and ecological studies are limited by the short field season and the cryptic nesting behavior of these hornets. A Vespa rearing process can generate the large numbers of workers, gynes, and males that are essential for studying chemical ecology and life history and for experimental testing of various hypotheses. We present a synthesis of suitable methods and techniques for year-round Vespa hornet rearing. Particular reference is given to Chinese know-how and experience with Vespa rearing for medicinal and culinary motivations. We also draw on observations with reared insects that have a similar life history as Vespa hornets, namely Bombus bumblebees and Vespula yellowjackets. Key challenges to optimizing Vespa hornet rearing are identified and discussed. |
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Keywords: | Yellow-legged hornet Invasive alien insects Edible insects Vespiculture Wasp hunting |
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