Triphala extract negates arecoline-induced senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro |
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Authors: | Shankargouda Patil Sachin C Sarode Heba Ashi Hosam Ali Baeshen A Thirumal Raj Kamran H Awan Shailesh Gondivkar Amol Ramchandra Gadbail Gargi S Sarode |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India;3. Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;4. Consultant in Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;5. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India;6. College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, United States;7. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, India;8. Department of Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, India;9. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India |
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Abstract: | BackgroundArecoline found in areca nut causes oral submucous fibrosis. Triphala is an Ayurvedic medicinal preparation used to improve overall physical wellness that has also been shown to improve oral health.ObjectivesTo assess the activity of Triphala extract on arecoline-induced senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro.Materials and methodsOral mucosal epithelial cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to assess the viability of treated cells, while senescence was assessed by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase staining. Cell surface marker expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine gene expression levels.ResultsTriphala extract (5 µg/mL) reversed the cell senescence activity of arecoline, as evidenced by reduced β-galactosidase activity, increased Ki-67 marker expression, and reduced expression of senescence-related genes p16 and p21.ConclusionTriphala extract helped to reduce the pathological effects of arecoline-induced pathogenesis.Clinical relevance.Arecoline found in the areca nut causes oral pathological conditions including oral submucous fibrosis. Our results showed that Triphala counteracted the adverse effects of arecoline, in particular, negating senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells. As a translational effect, Triphala treatment could restore normal epithelial thickness in oral submucous fibrosis, thus reducing the clinical severity of the disease. This reestablishment of oral homeostasis would help to improve oral health-related quality of life in patients with oral submucous fibrosis. |
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Keywords: | Arecoline Oral mucosa Oral submucous fibrosis Senescence Triphala |
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