拖乌山大熊猫廊道人类干扰的空间与时间分布格局——红外相机阵列调查

小相岭山系大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)栖息地是所有大熊猫栖息地中破碎化问题最为严重的区域之一,而拖乌山廊道则是连接小相岭山系最大两个大熊猫局域种群的关键区域。为调查廊道及其周边人为干扰现状,2015~2016年,在廊道及其周边以阵列方式设置了102台红外相机,对人为干扰的时间和空间分布格局进行了调查。研究结果表明,廊道范围内人为干扰问题较为严重,其中放牧干扰占据绝对多数,共计记录到508次,占总干扰次数的89.7%。从干扰的季节分布看,人类直接干扰在7月和11月较多。放牧干扰中,黄牛(Bos primigenius taurus)在10月最多,牦牛(B.mutus)则在11月前后较多;放羊的干扰在4~7月份较弱,其余月份水平均较高;而放马干扰则集中在7~10月。从空间分布上看,干扰主要集中在廊道的西北部,其次是东北部。研究还发现,黄牛和羊(Caprinae)的干扰主要来自廊道所在县(石棉县),而牦牛和马(Equus caballus caballu)则主要来自邻县(冕宁县)。这提示我们,需要针对不同的干扰采取不同的措施,同时也说明廊道保护工作不能仅仅局限在廊道所在县,还需要与邻县联合开展工作。本研究表明,利用红外相机阵列监测人为干扰对保护地的保护管理工作有重要价值。

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Human Disturbance in Tuowushan Giant Panda Corridor: Survey by Camera Trap Array

Tuowushan Corridor connects the two major local populations of Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains. The habitat of giant panda in Xiaoxiangling Mountains is the most fragmented habitat among the six mountain ranges across its distribution. A camera-trapping array composed of 102 infrared-triggered digital cameras (Fig. 1) was employed from 2015 to 2016 to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of human disturbances in Tuowushan Corridor and surrounding regions. The results showed that grazing was the most frequent human disturbance in the corridor, with a summed detection of 508 (89.7% of all types of disturbance). The human activity mainly occurred in July and November, while the time of grazing varied among different livestock. Cattles (Bos primigenius taurus) were common in October, Yaks (B. mutus) in November, horse (Equus caballus caballu) from July to October, and Goats (Caprinae) generally common except from April to July (Fig. 2). Most disturbances happened in the north-west part within the corridor, and some of them happened in north-east part. The results also implied that the disturbance of Cattle and Goat were contributed by local people from Shimian County, while that of Yak and Horse came from neighbor county. Suggestion on conservation were proposed based on the results, with a highlight that conservation endeavor should also be carried out in neighbor counties, not only in the county where corridor lies in. The results also proved that using camera-trapping to monitor human disturbance is valuable for conservation of protected areas.