Differences among three macaque species in responsiveness to an observer |
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Authors: | A Susan Clarke William A Mason |
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Institution: | (1) California Primate Research Center and Department of Psychology, University of California, 95616 Davis, California;(2) Present address: Research Department, The Zoological Society of San Diego, P. O. Box 551, 92112-0551 San Diego, California |
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Abstract: | Behavioral responses of experimentally naive captive-born juvenile females of three macaque species (Macaca mulatta, M. radiata, M. fascicularis)to a passive human observer were compared across three periods, beginning approximately 6 weeks after animals were transferred
from multianimal groups housed outdoors to individual cages in colony rooms and ending approximately 6 months later. Responsiveness
was assessed using eight relatively stereotyped behavior patterns characteristic of this genus. Although overall responsiveness
declined across periods in all groups, this measure was consistently highest for M. fascicularis.Patterns were also analyzed as indicative of “fear” or “hostility.” Responses of M. fasciculariswere frequent in both categories, although fear scores exceeded those for hostility. M. mulattascored more frequently as hostile than as fearful. Both fear and hostility scores for M. radiatawere extremely low. The only response shown with more than minimal frequency was lip-smacking, a pattern that is usually construed
as an appeasing, submissive, or affiliative display. Differences among species in their responses to the observer are generally
consistent with other behavioral and psychophysiological data on the same subjects and with patterns of social interaction
between conspecifics. |
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Keywords: | responsiveness fear hostility temperament rhesus macaques bonnet macaques crab-eating macaques interspecific differences |
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