Immobilization with a single dose of ketamine hydrochloride and a combination of xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride and antagonism by yohimbine hydrochloride in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) |
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Authors: | Shin-ichi Hayama Fumio Terazawa Masatsugu Suzuki Hideo Nigi Hiromitsu Orima Masahiro Tagawa Haruhisa Inagaki |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Wild Animal Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College, Musashino, 180 Tokyo, Japan;(2) Department of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College, Musashino, 180 Tokyo, Japan;(3) Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nippon Veterinary and Zootechnical College, Musashino, 180 Tokyo, Japan;(4) Japan Monkey Centre, 484 Inuyama, Aichi, Japan |
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Abstract: | Forty-nine free-ranging Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) were immobilized with 4.3–15.6 mg/kg (mean±S.D.=10.0±2.5 mg/kg) of ketamine hydrochloride (HCl), and 27 Japanese monkeys
kept in enclosures were immobilized with a combination of 0.8–1.4 mg/kg (1.0±0.2 mg/kg) of xylazine HCl and 4.0–7.1 mg/kg
(5.0±0.6 mg/kg) of ketamine HCl. In the xylazine HCl-ketamine HCl combination, good myorelaxation was induced. The mean induction
times for the single dosage of ketamine HCl and the xylazine HCl-ketamine HCl combination were 2.8±1.5 min and 6.9±4.4 min,
respectively. The mean immobilization times with the single dosage of ketamine HCl and the xylazine HCl-ketamine HCl combination
were 39.3±16.5 min and 58.8±34.2 min, respectively. A half dose of ketamine HCl in combination with xylazine HCl could also
immobilize Japanese monkeys successfully. Administrations of 0.5 mg/kg i.v. and 1.0 mg/kg i.m. of yohimbine HCl as an antagonist
to xylazine HCl at 30 min after the induction reduced the immobilization time to 31.4±0.5 min and 49.0±22.1 min, respectively.
Yohimbine HCl appears to be an effective antagonist to combination anesthesia by xylazine HCl-ketamine HCl in the Japanese
monkey. |
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Keywords: | Japanese monkey Xylazine HCl Ketamine HCl Yohimbine HCl Immobilization |
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