香栓菌提取物的止咳化痰作用及耐缺氧药理活性研究

本文分别采用浓氨水引咳法、酚红排秘法、常压耐缺氧法、对抗亚硝酸钠中毒性缺氧法,心肌缺血性缺氧法,探讨香栓菌子实体不同极性提取物的止咳化痰及其耐缺氧药理活性。将雄性小鼠随机分组（每组10只）,分别为阴性对照组（NCG）、阳性对照组、香栓菌石油醚提取物低TSPEE(L) 0.025g/kg、中TSPEE(M) 0.05g/kg、高TSPEE(H) 0.1g/kg剂量组、香栓菌水提物低TSWE(L) 0.5g/kg、中TSWE(M) 1.0g/kg、高TSWE(H) 2.0g/kg剂量组。小鼠的检测指标包括咳嗽潜伏期、咳嗽次数、咳嗽抑制率、止咳活性（%）、酚红排泌量、化痰率（%）、常压条件下耐缺氧存活时间、亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间、急性脑缺血性存活时间及血清中SOD、MDA、IL-2、IL-4、IgG含量。结果表明,TSPEE(L)无明显效果;TSPEE(M)具有显著化痰作用（P<0.05）;TSPEE(H)可延长急性脑缺氧存活时间（P<0.05）,并提高SOD、IL-2、IL-4、IgG含量,降低MDA含量（P<0.05）;TSWE(L)可增强咳嗽抑制率并增强止咳活性,同时延长常压条件下缺氧存活时间（P<0.05）;TSWE(M)除中毒性脑缺氧试验外均具有显著性作用（P<0.05）;TSWE(H)可增强咳嗽抑制率、提高止咳活性、增加亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间（P<0.05）,同时增加常压条件和急性脑缺血条件下缺氧存活时间（P<0.01）并且提高SOD、IL-2、IL-4、IgG含量,降低MDA含量（P<0.01）。综上所述,香栓菌子实体石油醚提取物和水提取物具有止咳化痰及耐缺氧作用。

Effects of relieving cough and sputum and anti-hypoxia activities of Trametes suaveolens extract

High-concentration ammonia inducing coughing method, phenol red excretion method, hypoxia tolerance method under normal pressure, confront sodium nitrite toxic anoxic method and myocardial ischemic hypoxia method have been adopted for investigating pharmacological action of Trametes suaveolens fruiting body different polarity extract on relieving cough, eliminating sputum and hypoxic tolerance. The male mice were randomly grouped (10 in each group). Physiological saline was treated as negative control (NCG), and “gui long ke chuan ning” (a mixture of Chinese herbal medicine) (KCN) and codeine (CDI) were treated as positive control. The low dose [TSPEE(L) 0.025g/kg], moderate dose [TSPEE(M) 0.05g/kg] and high dose [TSPEE(H) 0.1g/kg] T. suaveolens petroleum extract treatment groups, and low dose [TSWE(L) 0.5g/kg], moderate dose [TSWE(M) 1.0g/kg] and high dose [TSWE(H) 2.0g/kg] T. suaveolens water extract treatment groups were set up. The measurement indicators of mice include the cough incubation period, frequency of cough, frequency of suppress cough, antitussive activity (%), excretion volume of phenol red, dissipating phlegm rate (%), survival period of hypoxia tolerance under normal pressure, survival period of nitrite poisoning, survival period of acute cerebral hypoxia and the content of SOD, MDA, IL-2, IL-4 and IgG in serum. The result showed that TSPEE(L) had no obvious effect; TSPEE (M) had significant dissipating phlegm effect (P<0.05); TSPEE(H) could prolong the survival period of acute cerebral ischemia (P<0.05), increase the content of SOD, IL-2, IL-4 and IgG, and decrease the content of MDA (P<0.05); TSWE(L) could increase the cough inhibition rate and cough relieving activity, and prolong the survival period of hypoxia under normal pressure (P<0.05); TSWE (M) had a significant effect except for toxic brain hypoxia test (P<0.05); TSWE(H) could enhance cough inhibition rate, improve antitussive activity, increase survival period of sodium nitrite poisoning (P<0.05), increase hypoxia survival period under normal pressure and acute cerebral ischemia (P<0.01), increase the content of SOD, IL-2, IL-4 and IgG, and reduce the content of MDA (P<0.01). In conclusion, both petroleum ether extract and water extract of fruiting body of T. suaveolens had effects of relieving cough, eliminating sputum and hypoxia tolerance.