灵芝两个无孢品种中水提物成分分析及免疫活性比较

龙芝2号和鹿角灵芝均为赤芝的栽培品种,且在生长发育过程中均不产生孢子。目前,尚缺乏对两者化学成分和药理活性的系统比较研究。本研究以灵芝两个无孢品种——龙芝2号和鹿角灵芝为原料,研究对比两者子实体水提物成分差异及免疫活性的强弱。采用化学及仪器分析相结合的方法,分析两者水提物中的多糖得率、含量、重均分子量分布特征及核苷、蛋白质、氨基酸含量差异,并研究了灵芝两个无孢品种水提物样品刺激RAW 264.7细胞释放NO活性。结果表明,两者多糖得率及含量差异不大,但龙芝2号中重均分子量分布范围较广,多糖分子量较大,其含有3种多糖,分子量分别为2.021×10⁶、1.802×10⁶和4.825×10⁵,而鹿角灵芝中仅含有1种多糖,分子量为1.589×10⁴;两者中含有的核苷种类相似,但各核苷的含量存在差异;鹿角灵芝和龙芝2号中蛋白质含量分别为10.70%和10.32%,两者均不含有组氨酸,蛋氨酸在两者中含量均较高,分别达到2.556%和2.591%。从鹿角灵芝和龙芝2号中得到的水提物样品均具有体外刺激巨噬细胞释放NO的活性。

Composition analyses and immunological activities of aqueous extract from two sporeless Ganoderma lingzhi cultivars

The water extract and the immunological activity of the fruiting bodies of two different sporeless cultivars of Ganoderma lingzhi, Longzhi No. 2 (LZ) and Antler-shape G. lingzhi (LJ) were studied. The yield, content and molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides, as well as the content of nucleoside, protein and amino acid from LZ and LJ were analyzed by using a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis methods. Meanwhile, the release of NO from RAW 264.7 cells by the water extract were studied. The yield and content of polysaccharides in two sporeless G. lingzhi cultivars were similar, but HPSEC-MALLS-RI (high-performance size exclusion chromatography multi-angle laser light scattering-refractive index detector) analysis indicated that the molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides from LZ ranged from 4.825×10⁵ to 2.021×10⁶. Three high molecular weight fractions (Mw 2.021×10⁶, 1.802×10⁶ and 4.825×10⁵, respectively) were present in LZ and only one high molecular weight fraction (Mw 1.589×10⁴) was present in LJ. The species of nucleosides in both of them were similar, but the content of nucleosides was different. The content of protein in LJ and LZ were 10.70% and 10.32%, respectively. Histidine was not existed in both of them. The contents of methionine in LJ and LZ were 2.556% and 2.591%, respectively. The aqueous extract obtained from LJ and LZ stimulated the release of NO from RAW 264.7 cells.