耕种措施对农田生态系统AM真菌群落结构的影响

丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM）真菌群落在农田生态系统过程中扮演着重要角色,其在改善土壤结构、增强土壤肥力、提高作物产量和抗病抗逆性等方面发挥着重要的功能。但由于农田生态系统是一种受人为干扰非常强烈的半自然生态系统,特别是施肥、种植模式、喷施农药等耕种措施均对AM真菌侵染强度、生物量、孢子密度和群落多样性产生一定的影响。本文综述了近十几年来耕种措施对AM真菌群落结构的影响,以期通过利用合理的耕作与管理措施,提高AM真菌对农田生态系统生产力的生态效应,建立符合生态、经济和社会三重效益的可持续发展型现代化农业。

Effects of cultivation measures on AM fungal community structure in agro-ecological system

AM fungal community plays an important role in improving soil structure, enhancing soil fertility, increasing crop yield and disease resistance in the agro-ecological system. However, the agro-ecological system is a semi-natural ecosystem disturbed by the fertilization, planting, tillage and pesticide application, which have certain effects on AM fungal colonization intensity, biomass, spore density and community diversity. This paper reviews the effects of farming practices in recent years on AM fungal community structure, in order to put forward reasonable cultivation management measures to improve the ecological effects of AM fungi on the productivity of agro-ecological system, and to establish the sustainable development of ecological, economic and social benefits of the agricultural modernization.