Structure-activity relationship of ghrelin: pharmacological study of ghrelin peptides |
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Authors: | Matsumoto M Hosoda H Kitajima Y Morozumi N Minamitake Y Tanaka S Matsuo H Kojima M Hayashi Y Kangawa K |
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Affiliation: | Zoological Station "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale, Naples, I-80121, Italy. palumbo@alpha.szn.it |
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Abstract: | Ni(2+), a toxic and carcinogenic pollutant and one of the leading causes of contact dermatitis, is shown to inhibit neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in a competitive, reversible manner with respect to the substrate l-arginine (K(i) = 30 +/- 4 microM). The IC(50) values were dependent on calmodulin (CaM) concentration, but proved independent of Ca(2+), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) and other essential cofactors. Ni(2+) also inhibited CaM-dependent cytochrome c reduction, NADPH oxidation, and H(2)O(2) production by nNOS. Overall, the action profile of Ni(2+) was suggestive of an unusual, double-acting inhibitor of nNOS affecting l-arginine-binding and Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent enzyme activation. |
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