短季棉早熟不早衰生化性状的遗传分析

用5个早熟不早衰的短季棉品种和5个早衰的短季棉品种进行双列杂交,并对亲本、F1和F2代于2001年和2002年田间试验研究与短季棉早熟不早衰有关的抗氧化系统保护酶(SOD、POD和CAT)、叶绿素及激素(生长素和脱落酸)的遗传特性。结果表明：抗氧化系统保护酶CAT、POD和SOD存在着不同的遗传特性,CAT酶以加性上位性效应为主,其次为显性效应;POD酶以加性效应为主,其次为加性上位性效应;SOD酶活以显性效应为主,其次为加性上位性效应;IAA以显性效应为主,其次为加性效应;ABA以加性效应为主,其次为显性效应。且这些生化性状的遗传率较高,在后代能稳定遗传;同时棉株在不同发育时期体内生化性状表达不同,在花铃期CAT、POD和SOD酶以显性效应为主,其次为加性上位性效应,加性效应表达量很小;棉株体内生化性状的表达也是相互联系、相互制约,CAT酶与POD酶存在着遗传和表型负相关,与SOD酶存在着遗传和表型正相关;POD酶与SOD酶存在着遗传和表型负相关;抗氧化系统保护酶与激素之间存在着复杂的遗传关系。因此,研究生化性状的遗传特性和表达特征,为选育短季棉早熟不早衰新品种和生化性状的QTLs定位提供理论依据。

Genetic Analysis of Biochemical Traits in Short Season Upland Cotton with No Premature Senescence

Five short season cultivars with no premature senescence were selected to cross with 5 SSC cultivars with premature senescence.The parents,F_1 and F_2 from the reciprocal crosses were field tested in replicated trials in 2001 and 2002.the results indicated that the protecting enzymes of antioxidant system,such as CAT,SOD,and POD existed different genetic characters.CAT existed significant additive~* additive epistasis effects,the next was dominant effects,POD existed significant additive effects,the next was additive~* additive epistasis effects,SOD existed significant dominant effects,the next was additive~* additive epistasis effects,the contents of soluble protein existed significant additive~* additive epistasis effects,IAA existed significant dominant effects,the next was additive effects,ABA existed significant additive effects,the next was dominant effects.These biochemical traits had higher heritabilities and steady passed down offspring.There were different express characters of biochemical traits in various development stages.In boll-setting period,CAT,POD,and SOD existed dominant effects,the next were additive* additive epistasis effects,and the additive effects were small.There were reciprocal relation and control among biochemical traits.CAT activity had negative genetic and phenotypic correlations with POD activity,and positive genetic and phenotypic correlations with SOD activity,POD activity had negative genetic and phenotypic correlations with SOD activity,while the protecting enzymes of antioxidant system had complex correlations with hormones.This study has laid a foundation for exploration on selecting new cultivars and the future QTLs localization on these biochemical traits.