On analytical methods and inferences for 2×2 contingency table data using wildlife examples |
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Authors: | Richard M. Engeman George D. Swanson |
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Affiliation: | a USDA/Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA;b Physical Education and Exercise Science Department, California State University, Chico, CA 95929-0300, USA |
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Abstract: | The 2×2 contingency table is a common analytical method for wildlife studies, but inappropriate analyses and inferences are not uncommon. Issues of concern are presented for selecting the appropriate test for analyzing these data sets. These include the choice of test relative to experimental or sampling design and breadth of intended inferences, the careful statement of hypotheses, and analyses with small sample sizes. Examples from the wildlife literature are used to reinforce the statistical concepts. |
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Keywords: | Chi-square (χ 2) Fisher's exact test McNemar's test Small sample |
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