糖尿病基因治疗的新进展

目前，糖尿病的基因治疗主要分为替代基因治疗、免疫基因治疗和调节基因治疗三部分.近年来，随着人们对糖尿病本质的深层次揭示和现代分子生物学手段的发展，糖尿病基因治疗的内容不断增加.如：对K细胞的新认识，发现了胰腺十二指肠同源异形盒基因1(PDX-1)的新价值及单链胰岛素类似物基因的构建成功等.另外，还利用各种方法来提高转染效率，增加安全性.如使用腺病毒(HD)载体，应用电穿孔法(electroporation)等.

Progress in Gene Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus

Several topics in gene therapy of diabetes mellitus are described as follows: 1) Insulin-producing plasmid or cell is a plausible target of gene therapy of diaetes mellitus. Development in this research includes construction of single-chain insulin analogue (SIA), which possesses biologically active insulin activity without enzymatic conversion, and new evaluation of K cells which can be engineered to secrete insulin and represent a viable mode of therapy for diabetes. 2)Immunotherapy of diabetes is now focusing on induction of tolerance to beta cell antigens using target cytokins or monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies. Some have reached the clinical arena. 3)Very rencently, PDX-1 was found to be an important factor to diabetes. Study on mice got to reveal the therapeutical effect of PDX-1.