A game analysis of reciprocal cooperation: Sequential food-sharing and sex role alternation |
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Authors: | Hiroyuki Matsuda |
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Institution: | (1) Information Processing Center of Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, 113 Tokyo, Japan;(2) Present address: Marine Bioecology Division, Mathematical Ecology Section, National Research Institute, Kachidoki 5-5-1, Chou-ku, 104 Tokyo, Japan |
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Abstract: | The evolution of reciprocal cooperation between non-relatives is studied. Food-sharing of vampire bats studied by Wilkinson
(1984) and egg-trading of simultaneous hermaphroditic fish studied by Fisher (1980) are respectively considered as Thompson's
reciprocal assistance and the iterated Hero game. Those models predicted the following: (1) Reciprocal assistance between
adult bats is evolutionarily stable if they repeatedly interact for a long time. However, (2) the cost for an adult to assist
a juvenile is too high to be compensated by the benefit from the juvenile. (3) A particular signal, which determines the sex
role of each partner, is always displayed by a “heroic” partner which releases eggs with a larger cost. (4) If alternation
of sex roles is established, then the evolutionarily stable frequency of displaying a signal of egg-release increases as the
frequency of divorce decreases, and (5) a “cheating” strategy, which releases sperm on every spawning bout, is less advantageous
than reciprocal cooperation. |
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Keywords: | |
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