Lipogenesis and lipolysis: The pathways exploited by the cancer cells to acquire fatty acids |
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Authors: | Nousheen Zaidi Leslie Lupien Nancy B. Kuemmerle William B. Kinlaw Johannes V. Swinnen Karine Smans |
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Affiliation: | 1. Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;2. The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA;3. Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA;4. Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, White River Junction Veteran’s Administration Medical Center, White River Junction, VT, USA;5. Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA;6. Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;7. Department of Oncology, Janssen Research and Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium |
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Abstract: | One of the most important metabolic hallmarks of cancer cells is enhanced lipogenesis. Depending on the tumor type, tumor cells synthesize up to 95% of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (FA) de novo in spite of sufficient dietary lipid supply. This lipogenic conversion starts early when cells become cancerous and further expands as the tumor cells become more malignant. It is suggested that activation of FA synthesis is required for carcinogenesis and for tumor cell survival. These observations suggest that the enzymes involved in FA synthesis would be rational therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, several recent reports have shown that the anti-tumor effects, following inhibition of endogenous FA synthesis in cancer cell lines may be obviated by adding exogenous FAs. Additionally, high intake of dietary fat is reported to be a potential risk factor for development and poor prognosis for certain cancers. Recently it was reported that breast and liposarcoma tumors are equipped for both de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway as well as LPL-mediated extracellular lipolysis. These observations indicate that lipolytically acquired FAs may provide an additional source of FAs for cancer. This review focuses on our current understanding of lipogenic and lipolytic pathways in cancer cell progression. |
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Keywords: | Cancer Fatty acid synthase Fatty acid synthesis Lipolysis Lipogenesis Lipoprotein lipase |
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