Biosynthesis of anthraquinones in cell cultures of Cinchona 'Robusta' proceeds via the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway. |
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Authors: | Ying Shan Han Robert van der Heijden Alfons W M Lefeber Cornelis Erkelens Robert Verpoorte |
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Institution: | Division of Pharmacognosy, Leiden / Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. |
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Abstract: | Robustaquinone B was found as a major anthraquinone in cell cultures of Cinchona 'Robusta' after treatment with a fungal elicitor. Anthraquinones in Cinchona are considered to be of the Rubia type, i.e. rings A and B are derived from chorismate and alpha-ketoglutarate, whereas ring C is formed from isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). To determine the origin of IPP, either formed via the mevalonic acid pathway or the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway, the incorporation of 1-13C]glucose into robustaquinone B was studied. The 13C labeling of robustaquinone B was analyzed by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and the labeling pattern was compared with the hypothetical labeling patterns obtained via the different biosynthetic pathways. The results clearly show that the IPP, constituting the ring C of robustaquinone B, is biosynthesized via the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Moreover, the data also confirm that rings A and B of robustaquinone B are formed from chorismate and alpha-ketoglutarate via o-succinylbenzoate. |
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Keywords: | Cinchona ‘Robusta’ Rubiaceae Anthraquinone Isopentenyl diphosphate Mevalonic acid d-erythritol 4-phosphate" target="_blank">2-C-Methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate NMR spectroscopy |
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