圈养马麝刻板行为表达与粪样类固醇激素的关系

2017年7月1日-8月31日及2018年6月1日-7月31日，在甘肃兴隆山保护区马麝繁育中心，采用焦点取样法和连续记录法进行了圈养马麝的刻板行为取样，采集同期粪样，并用放射免疫分析法（RIA）检测粪样中肾上腺皮质醇、睾酮及雌二醇激素的水平，分析了圈养马麝刻板行为表达与上述3种激素水平的关系。结果显示，展现刻板行为的圈养马麝的皮质醇水平（111.099 ± 16.231）ng/g略高于无刻板行为表达的马麝（95.640± 9.738） ng/g，差异未达显著（P> 0.05）；展现刻板行为雄麝的睾酮水平（135.900± 21.582）ng/g略高于无刻板行为的雄麝（108.182 ± 9.689） ng/g，差异也不显著（P> 0.05）；展现刻板行为雌麝的雌二醇水平（0.445 ± 0.116）ng/g显著低于无刻板行为雌麝（10.843 ± 1.142）ng/g（P< 0.05）。研究结果表明，圈养雄性马麝的刻板行为表达与其类固醇激素水平不相关；而雌麝的刻板行为表达与雌二醇分泌显著负相关，这与其繁殖及健康状况有关。在麝类驯养实践中，可将粪样类固醇激素水平（尤其是雌二醇）作为其受胁迫水平及行为健康的监测指标。

Relationships between stereotypical behavior and fecal steroid hormone in captive Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster)

During July-August 2017 and June-July 2018, we studied the relationships between stereotyped behavioral development and fecal steroid hormone (cortisol, testosterone and estradiol) in captive Alpine musk deer. The research took place at the Musk Deer Breeding Center of Xinglong Shan Nature Reserve, in Gansu Province. We collected stereotypic behavior data using focal sampling and all-occurrence recording, while radioimmunoassay was used for fecal steroid hormone (cortisol, testosterone and estradiol) determination. We found cortisol level to be higher in Alpine musk deer with stereotyped behavior (111.099 ± 16.231) ng/g than in Alpine musk deer without stereotyped behavior (95.640 ± 9.738) ng/g (P > 0.05). There was no difference in testosterone level between male Alpine musk deer with (135.900 ± 21.582) ng/g or without (108.182 ± 9.689) ng/gstereotyped behavior (P > 0.05). However, there was significantly less estradiol in female Alpine musk deer which showed stereotyped behavior (0.445 ± 0.116) ng/g than in females not showing stereotyped behavior (10.843 ± 1.142)ng/g (P < 0.05). Finally, we found the relationship between expression of stereotyped behavior and hormone level to be sex-specific, showing a negative correlation in females but no correlation in males Alpine musk deer, which might be related to females’ reproduction and health. In musk deer farming, fecal steroid hormone levels (especially estradiol) can be considered an appropriate monitoring index reflecting the stress and health of captive musk deer.