古生代有孔虫实体化石研究方法

古生代有孔虫大部分是通过切片进行研究的,但是普通的切片法很难得到非常好的定向标本,这就产生了很多同物异名,限制了有孔虫在古生代生物地层学、古生态学和古海洋学中的应用。另外由于口孔的内部和外部特征在分类学中的地位越来越重要,所以通过实体化石来研究古生代有孔虫理应受到更多的重视。本文论证了在古生代地层中获得实体化石的可能性,对化石提取的实验步骤进行了系统总结,细述了对实体化石进行扫描电镜和切片研究的全过程,并根据笔者的经验,对一些技术细节及注意事项进行了详细介绍。本文最后建议,古生代的有孔虫研究应该尽可能地利用实体化石来进行。

PREPARATION METHODS OF FREE SPECIMENS OF PALEOZOIC FORAMINIFERA

Most of Paleozoic foraminifera were studied based on thin sections,but it is difficult to get well oriented sections through ordinary sectioning method.This leads to many synonyms and limits the use of foraminifera in bio-stratigraphy,paleoecology and paleoceanography.Furthermore,because the interior and exterior characters of fora-miniferal apertures are becoming more and more important in the classification of foraminifera,we should pay more attention to the free specimens from Paleozoic foraminiferal study.This paper firstly discusses the possibility of free specimen extraction in Paleozoic strata;secondly,summarizes the fossil extracting process;thirdly,describes the method of both SEM and thin section studies of free foraminiferal specimens with some technical details according to the authors' experiences;and finally,suggests that the free specimen materials should be used as much as possible in the Paleozoic foraminiferal study.