Studies of Central American pines: a revision of the 'pseudostrobus' group (Pinaceae)

Variation in the pseudostrobus group of species in Pinus was examined using a series of numerical techniques involving principal components and canonical discriminant analyses. As a result, the group is divided into three species: P. maximinoi, P. douglasiana and P. pseudostrobus. The latter, which is very variable, is further divided into two subspecies and one variety. The formal taxonomy of the group is revised and information on the distribution, ecology and relationships of the taxa recognized is given. Because of the very great economic importance of these pines within and outside their natural distribution areas and the considerable nomenclatural confusion which exists, a full treatment of synonymy and relevant literature is provided.