Institution: | 1. Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India;2. Bio-Prospection and Product Development, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India;3. Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 India;4. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Research Center, Bengaluru 560065, India;5. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Center Pantnagar, PO Dairy Farm Nagla, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, 263149 India;6. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India |
Abstract: | Artemisia pallens Wall. ex DC., popularly known as davana, has gained considerable attention because of its unique fragrance, high economic value, and pharmacological properties. The compositional complexity of davana essential oil (DO) has been a challenge for quality control. In this study, the chemical profile of DO was developed using polarity-based fractionation and a combination of gas chromatographic (GC-FID), hyphenated chromatographic (GC/MS), and spectroscopic (Fourier-Transform Infra-Red, 1D, 2D-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) techniques. The analysis led to the identification of ninety-nine compounds. Major components of the DO were cis-davanone (D3, 53.0 %), bicyclogermacrene (6.9 %), trans-ethyl cinnamate (4.9 %), davana ether isomer (3.4 %), spathulenol (2.8 %), cis-hydroxy davanone (2.4 %), and trans-davanone (2.1 %). The study led to identifying several co-eluting novel minor components, which could help determine the authenticity of DO. The rigorous column-chromatography led to the isolation of five compounds. Among these, bicyclogermacrene, trans-ethyl cinnamate, and spathulenol were isolated and characterized by spectroscopic methods for the first time from DO. Pharmacological profile revealed that the treatment of DO and D3 inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in primary macrophages without any cytotoxic effect after administration of their effective concentrations. The result of this study indicates the suitability of DO and D3 for further investigation for the treatment of chronic skin inflammatory conditions. |