Biological Insights and NMR Metabolic Profiling of Different Extracts of Spermacoce verticillata (L.) G. Mey. |
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Authors: | Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan Gokhan Zengin Antonio Fiorentino Brigida D'Abrosca Gunes Ak Devina Lobine Ouattara Katinan Etienne Anwar Hussein Subratty Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally |
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Affiliation: | 1. Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey;2. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche – DiSTABiF, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli', via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy;3. Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius;4. Laboratoire de Botanique, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire |
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Abstract: | Spermacoce verticillata (L.) G. Mey. is commonly used in the folk medicine by various cultures to manage common diseases. Herein, the chemical and biological profiles of S. verticillata were studied in order to provide a comprehensive characterization of bioactive compounds and also to highlight the therapeutic properties. The in vitro antioxidant activity using free-radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, ferrous-ion chelating and reducing power assays, and the inhibitory activity against key enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase of S. verticillata extracts (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) were investigated. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content were observed in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. Exhaustive 2DNMR investigation has revealed the presence of rutin, ursolic and oleanoic acids. The methanolic extract, followed by aqueous extract have showed remarkable free radical quenching and reducing ability, while the dichloromethane extract was the best source of metal chelators. The tested extracts showed notable inhibitory activity against cholinesterases (AChE: 1.63–4.99 mg GALAE/g extract and BChE: 12.40–15.48 mg GALAE/g extract) and tyrosinase (60.85–159.64 mg KAE/g extract). No inhibitory activity was displayed by ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts against BChE and tyrosinase, respectively. All the tested extracts showed modest α-amylase inhibitory activity, while only the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were potent against α-glycosidase. This study further validates the use of S. verticillata in the traditional medicine, while advocating for further investigation for phytomedicine development. |
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Keywords: | Spermacoce verticillata antioxidant activity biological agents NMR, rutin, triterpenoids |
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