旅游开发及其对生态系统和景观的影响

概括了国内外关于旅游开发和环境关系的研究进展。国外研究主要包括对旅游环境概念和旅游环境质量标准的探讨,旅游对自然环境影响的研究,旅游环境容量的研究,旅游对社会文化环境影响的研究及旅游环境保护对策研究等;国内的有关科研工作滞后于国外,但是旅游与环境的关系从20世纪70年代开始就受到重视。由于国内研究者广泛吸收国外的研究成果,研究起点较高,使这一领域取得了长足发展。还介绍了旅游对生态系统组成和景观的负面影响研究,如旅游对植被的局部性破坏,造成土壤侵蚀和理化性质的变化,减少野生动物的数量,增加空气中细菌、灰尘和废气的含量,造成水体污染等。今后的研究要处理好开发与保护两者间的矛盾,将景观生态学的观点应用到旅游区规划和保护之中。

Tourist development and its influences on ecosystem and landscape

This paper summarized the research advances in relationship between tourism development and environment in China and foreign countries. The researches of foreign, countries generally include inquiries about concepts of tourism environment and criterions of tourism environment quality, the influences of tourism on natural environment, the studies on tourism environment capacity, the influences of social culture environment caused by tourism and the studies on protective countermeasure of tourism environment and so on; domestic relative researches lagged behind foreign countries, but the relationship between tourism and environment had been paid great attention since 1970's. Domestic researchers widely absorbed foreign accomplishments and made great progress in this field. In addition, the paper also introduced bad influences of tourism development on ecosystem and landscape, such as partial breakage of vegetation, soil erosion and the changes of soil chemical and physical properties, the decrease of wild animals, the increase of bacteria, dust and exhaust gas in the air and water pollution. In future, the study should deal with the contradiction between exploitation and protection, and the idea of landscape ecology should also be applied in scenic spot planning and its protection.