Crop rotation and tillage systems as a proactive strategy in the control of peanut fungal soilborne diseases |
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Authors: | Silvina Vargas Gil José M Meriles Ricardo Haro Cristiano Casini Guillermo J March |
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Institution: | (1) Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal (IFFIVE-INTA), Camino 60 cuadras Km. 5 y 1/2, 5119 Cordoba, Argentina;(2) Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV. CONICET-UNC), Cordoba, Argentina;(3) Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA—INTA Manfredi), Manfredi, 5988 Cordoba, Argentina |
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Abstract: | Soil management practices can affect the population dynamics of soil microbial communities. Cultural practices can be adequately
combined to benefit natural populations of microorganisms that may have a role in biological control (actinomycetes, Trichoderma spp., and Gliocladium spp.), thus contributing to the management of peanut fungal soilborne diseases in a sustainable manner within ecological
boundaries. During six agricultural cycles, rhizosphere soil samples were taken from a field subjected to crop rotation (soybean,
peanut, and maize), peanut being under two tillage systems (no till, reduced tillage) with the aim of quantifying populations
of soil microorganisms. The incidence of diseases caused by soilborne fungi in peanut was determined at harvest. The highest
amount of actinomycetes, Trichoderma spp., and Gliocladium spp. were recorded when maize was the preceding crop. Regarding tillage systems, the populations of the three groups of microorganisms
were higher in peanut under no tillage than under reduced tillage. Under these conditions, the lowest incidence of peanut
blight (Sclerotinia minor) and root rot (strains of Fusarium solani) was observed, suggesting a possible natural control of peanut soilborne pathogens. The quantification of actinomycetes,
Trichoderma spp., and Gliocladium spp. was used as a tool to explore the impacts of different management systems on microbial groups that may be involved in
the biological control of soilborne diseases, with the aim of combining those practices that improve native populations of
possible beneficial microorganisms. This manipulation can provide sustainable management strategies in the control of soilborne
diseases, avoiding the use of artificial inoculations of microorganisms, and reducing agrochemical application. |
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Keywords: | Crop rotation Peanut diseases Soil microflora Tillage systems |
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