Photoacoustic measurements in vivo of energy storage by cyclic electron flow in algae and higher plants

Energy storage by cyclic electron flow through photosystem I (PSI) was measured in vivo using the photoacoustic technique. A wide variety of photosynthetic organisms were considered and all showed measurable energy storage by PSI-cyclic electron flow except for higher plants using the C-3 carbon fixation pathway. The capacity for energy storage by PSI-cyclic electron flow alone was found to be small in comparison to that of linear and cyclic electron flows combined but may be significant, nonetheless, under conditions when photosystem II is damaged, particularly in cyanobacteria. Light-induced dynamics of energy storage by PSI-cyclic electron flow were evident, demonstrating regulation under changing environmental conditions.