新疆阿勒泰山两河源自然保护区地面生地衣的物种多样性

阿勒泰山地是我国著名水系额尔齐斯河和乌伦古河的发源地,该山地地衣植物的研究在中国乃至中亚都占有非常重要的科学地位。新疆阿勒泰山两河源自然保护区位于阿勒泰山东段,气候在新疆最为潮湿,其地衣植物种类十分丰富。作者在该保护区选择6个植被带类型,即山地荒漠带、山地草原带、针阔混交林带、针叶林带、亚高山草甸带、高山草甸带,研究了其地面生地衣植物的物种多样性特征。结果表明:阿勒泰山两河源自然保护区地衣植物区系成分丰富而且复杂,共有地面生地衣植物5科6属46种,以石蕊科种类最为丰富,约32种。该地区不同植被带类型下地面生地衣植物物种的S?renson相似性系数在0.200–0.739之间,以针阔混交林和针叶林带的相似性为最高(0.739),针阔混交林和高山草甸带地衣植物物种相似性最低(0.200)。各植被带地衣优势种中白边岛衣(Cetrarialaeuigata)、林鹿蕊(Cladoniaarbuscula)、佐木氏珊瑚枝(Stereocaulonsasakii)、鳞地卷(Peltigeralepido-phora)、喇叭粉石蕊(Cladoniachlorophaea)、东方鹿蕊(Cladinagrisea)等的重要值在0.5以上,其余优势种的重要值均在0.5以下;山地森林带地衣植物物种多样性最为丰富,在整个阿勒泰山两河源自然保护区地面生地衣植物群落中占据优势地位,为该地区地衣植物多样性的分布中心,是地衣植物多样性保护的关键地区。

Floor lichen diversity under different vegetation types in Two-river Source Nature Reserve in Altay Mountains, Xinjiang

Lichens are present in a wide range of habitats throughout the world. Due to their unique biodiver- sity, we explored the species composition of floor lichens under different vegetation types in Two-river Source Nature Reserve in Altay Mountains, Xinjiang. The sampling sites covered six vegetation types in- cluding mountain desert, mountain grassland, mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest, coniferous forest, subalpine meadow, and alpine meadow. The results showed that the lichen flora in this area is rich and com- plex. A total of 46 floor lichen species belonging to 6 genera of 5 families were recorded. Of these, Clado- niaceae with 32 species is the dominant family. The species similarity index between the mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest and the coniferous forest was the highest of all pairs (0.739), whereas that between the mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest and the alpine meadow belt was the lowest (0.200). Mountain forests, having the maximum species diversity, were the distribution center for lichen diversity and key areas for their conservation in Two-river Source Nature Reserve in Altay Mountains, Xinjiang. We also discuss conservation strategies for lichens.