Biological consequence of nuclear versus cytoplasmic decays of 125I: cysteamine as a radioprotector against Auger cascades in vivo

When the radionuclide 125I is localized in mouse testis as 125I-iododeoxyuridine (an analogue of thymidine) and incorporated into the DNA of spermatogonial cells, the cytocidal effects are as severe as those due to densely ionizing alpha particles. In contrast, 125I confined to the cytoplasm of these cells is much less radiotoxic, the efficacy being the same as for selective irradiation of the testis with sparsely ionizing external X rays. The biological effects, in both cases, are strongly mitigated upon pretreatment of the testes with very small amounts (0.75 microgram) of cysteamine, a radioprotector. These findings suggest an important role for such chemical agents in radiation protection and in understanding the mechanisms of radiation damage involving radionuclides incorporated in tissue.