A directed miniscreen for genes involved in the Drosophila anti-parasitoid immune response |
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Authors: | Laura Howell Christopher J Sampson Miguel J Xavier Ekin Bolukbasi Margarete M S Heck Michael J Williams |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK;(2) Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK;(3) Present address: UCL Institute of Healthy Ageing Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK;(4) Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; |
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Abstract: | Drosophila larvae react against eggs from the endoparasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi by surrounding them in a multilayered cellular capsule. Once a wasp egg is recognized as foreign, circulating macrophage-like
cells, known as plasmatocytes, adhere to the invader. After spreading around the wasp egg, plasmatocytes form cellular junctions
between the cells, effectively separating the egg from the hemocoel. Next, a second sub-type of circulating immunosurveillance
cell (hemocyte), known as lamellocytes, adhere to either the wasp egg or more likely the plasmatocytes surrounding the egg.
From these events, it is obvious that adhesion and cell shape change are an essential part of Drosophila's cellular immune response against parasitoid wasp eggs. To date, very few genes have been described as being necessary for
a proper anti-parasitization response in Drosophila. With this in mind, we performed a directed genetic miniscreen to discover new genes required for this response. Many of
the genes with an encapsulation defect have mammalian homologues involved in cellular adhesion, wound healing, and thrombosis,
including extracellular matrix proteins, cellular adhesion molecules, and small GTPases. |
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