Bacterial,Archaeal and Fungal Succession in the Forefield of a Receding Glacier |
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Authors: | Anita Zumsteg Jörg Luster Hans Göransson Rienk H Smittenberg Ivano Brunner Stefano M Bernasconi Josef Zeyer Beat Frey |
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Institution: | 1.Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL,Birmensdorf,Switzerland;2.Institute for Integrative Biology,ETH Zürich,Zurich,Switzerland;3.Environment Centre Wales,Bangor University,Bangor,UK;4.Geological Institute,ETH Zürich,Zurich,Switzerland;5.Department of Geological Sciences,Stockholm University,Stockholm,Sweden;6.Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollution Dynamics,ETH Zürich,Zurich,Switzerland |
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Abstract: | Glacier forefield chronosequences, initially composed of barren substrate after glacier retreat, are ideal locations to study
primary microbial colonization and succession in a natural environment. We characterized the structure and composition of
bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in exposed rock substrates along the Damma glacier forefield in central Switzerland.
Soil samples were taken along the forefield from sites ranging from fine granite sand devoid of vegetation near the glacier
terminus to well-developed soils covered with vegetation. The microbial communities were studied with genetic profiling (T-RFLP)
and sequencing of clone libraries. According to the T-RFLP profiles, bacteria showed a high Shannon diversity index (H) (ranging from 2.3 to 3.4) with no trend along the forefield. The major bacterial lineages were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria. An interesting finding was that Euryarchaeota were predominantly colonizing young soils and Crenarchaeota mainly mature soils. Fungi shifted from an Ascomycota-dominated community in young soils to a more Basidiomycota-dominated community in old soils. Redundancy analysis indicated that base saturation, pH, soil C and N contents and plant
coverage, all related to soil age, correlated with the microbial succession along the forefield. |
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