A possible role for photosystem II in environmental perturbations of photosynthesis

Photosystem II plays an especially important role in the response of photosynthesis in higher plants to environmental perturbations and stresses. The relationship between photosystem II and photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation is examined and factors identified that may modulate photosystem II activity in vivo. Particular attention is given to non-photochemical quenching of excitation energy, photoinhibition, state transitions, protein phosphorylation and biogenesis of photosystem II.